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The test consists of three parts:

A. Compréhension écrite
B. Vocabulaire
C. Grammaire
Each part consists of a group of questions. For each question, please choose one correct answer among the four options: A, B, C, or D.

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A. Compréhension écrite
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– Lisez le texte et répondez aux questions qui suivent:
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– All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals– whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals — have in common.

– But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.

– For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable moment in any animal’s life is when it first finds itself completely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.

Questions:

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)The care that various animals give to their offspring.(B)The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.(C) The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.(D)The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.

2. The author lists various animals in lines 5-7 to:
(A) contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammals(B) describe the process by which mammals came to be defined(C) emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own young(D) explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective

3. The word « tend » in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) sit on(B) move(C) notice(D) care for

4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?
(A) It is unknown among fish.(B) It is unrelated to the size of the young.(C) It is dangerous for the parents.(D) It is most common among mammals.

5. The word « provisioning » in line 15 is closest in meaning to:
(A) supplying(B) preparing(C) building(D) expanding

6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?
(A) By storing food near their young.(B) By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.(C) By searching for food some distance from their nest.(D) By gathering food from a nearby water source.

7. The word « edge » in line 20 is closest in meaning to:
(A) opportunity(B) advantage(C) purpose(D) rest

8. The word « it » in line 24 refers to
(A) feeding(B) moment(C) young animal(D) size

9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless when
(A) their parents are away searching for food(B) their parents have many young to feed(C) they are only a few days old(D) they first become independent

10. The word « shielded » in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) raised(B) protected(C) hatched(D) valued

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B. Vocabulary
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Read the sentences and choose the correct meanings of the vocabulary words:

11. I believe that if you lower taxes so that people can keep more of the money they earn, it will be an incentive for them to work harder.
What is the meaning of “incentive”? __________.
A. a reason to do somethingB. a taxC. a small amount of moneyD. a good job

12. Most of America’s Founding Fathers did not believe in women’s suffrage. Only men could vote in the United States until 1920.
What is “suffrage”?
A. something that causes physical painB. skirts that did not cover anklesC. an early flagD. the right to vote

13. Some people are sure that the new health care law will mean better care for everyone. Others argue that the law will mean less care and longer waiting lines for those who need to see doctors. It’s a controversy that will not go away soon.
A controversy is something that people _______.
A. have strong disagreements overB. need to pay for a visit to a doctorC. blow their noses intoD. eat with sweet candy

14. Removing seeds from cotton plants was a slow job until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
What is a cotton gin?
A. a drinkB. a machineC. a bookD. a cloth

15. In the early 1600s, a dangerous trip across the Atlantic Ocean was a daunting idea. The Europeans, who would someday be known as the Pilgrims, must have been a very determined and brave group of settlers.
A daunting task is one that would _______ someone.
A. tickleB. lose or misplaceC. amuseD. frighten or intimidate

16. The original Pilgrims called themselves the “Saints” and referred to others who joined with them for the voyage as the “Strangers.”
In this context, “original” means _______.
A. one of a kindB. humorousC. firstD. musical

17. The Saints and Strangers argued about how they would live in the New World. After much discussion, they came together and signed the Mayflower Compact.
The Compact was _______.
A. a container for makeupB. a machine used for mashing cornC. a small itemD. an agreement

18. When the Pilgrims landed in what is now Massachusetts, they were fearful that the Native Americans would attack them. However, the people that they encountered, the Wampanoag Indians, were a peaceful and generous tribe.
To encounter, is to _______.
A. meetB. fightC. note how manyD. exchange text messages

19. The United States has a vast amount of newly discovered clean geothermal (natural heat from the Earth’s crust) energy. Tapping into this energy source could provide at least 10 times the energy that can be obtained from the nation’s known coal reserves.
What does “vast” mean?
A. a large amountB. dangerousC. not enoughD. having no known use

20. Which word in the above paragraph means supplies that are available to be used?
A. geothermalB. continentC. tappingD. reserves

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C. Grammar
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Read the sentences and check the correct answers.

21. My sister _______ very tired today.
A beB amC isD are

22. His _______ is a famous actress.
A auntB uncleC grandfatherD son

23. I’d like to be a _______ and work in a hospital.
A lawyerB nurseC writerD pilot

24. We _______ like rap music.
A doesn’tB isn’tC aren’tD don’t

25.
There _______ a lot of water on the floor. What happened?
A areB isC beD am

26. He _______ TV at the moment.
A watchesB is watchingC watchedD has watching

27. Helen is very _______. She doesn’t go out a lot.
A boredB confidentC angryD shy

28. Did you _______ to the beach yesterday?
A wentB wereC goD goed

29. Have you got _______ orange juice? I’m thirsty.
A someB aC anyD the

30. Let’s go into _______ garden. It’s sunny outside.
A aB anyC –D the

31. He’s _______ for the next train.
A lookingB waitingC listeningD paying

32. Mark _______ his car last week.
A cleanedB did cleanC has cleanedD is cleaning

33. I bought some lovely red _______ today.
A cabbagesB cucumbersC bananasD apples

34. Which bus _______ for when I saw you this
morning?
A did you waitB had you waitedC were you waitingD have you waited

35. Where _______ you like to go tonight?
A doB wouldC areD can

36. That’s the _______ film I’ve ever seen!
A worseB worstC baddestD most bad

37. My dad _______ his car yet.
A hasn’t soldB didn’t sellC doesn’t sellD wasn’t sold

38. I’ve been a doctor _______ fifteen years.
A sinceB forC untilD by

39. Look at the sky. It _______ rain.
A willB canC is going toD does

40. If I _______ this homework, the teacher will be angry!
A am not finishingB won’t finishC don’t finishD didn’t finished

41. This book is even _______ than the last one!
A most boringB boringerC more boringD far boring

42. I’ll meet you _______ I finish work.
A ifB whenC asD so

43. We’re getting married _______ March.
A inB onC atD by

44. If you _______ steak for a long time, it goes hard.
A cookB are cookingC have cookedD cooked

45. I _______ you outside the cinema, OK?
A ’ll seeB am seeingC seeD am going to see

46. I _______ not be home this evening. Phone me on my mobile.
A canB couldC mayD should

47. The criminal _______ outside the hotel last night.
A was caughtB has been caughtC is caughtD caught

48. He asked me if I _______ a lift home.
A wantedB wantC was wantingD had wanted

49. If I _______ older, I’d be able to vote in elections.
A hadB amC wereD have

50. You _______ go to the supermarket this afternoon. I’ve already been.
A mustn’tB can’tC needn’tD won’t

51. Kathy drives _______ than her sister.
A more carefullyB more carefulC carefullyD most carefully

52. The _______ near our village is beautiful.
A countryB woodsC viewD countryside

53. I’m _______ I can’t help you with that.
A apologiseB afraidC regretD sad

54. It was really _______ this morning. I couldn’t see anything on the roads.
A cloudyB sunnyC icyD foggy

55. Can you look _______ my dog while I’m away?
A forB atC toD after

56. If I’d started the work earlier I _______ it by now.
A would finishB had finishedC will finishD would have finished

57. This time next year I _______ in Madrid.
A am workingB will workC will be workingD work

58. I wish he _______ in front of our gate. It’s very annoying.
A won’t parkB wouldn’t parkC doesn’t parkD can’t park

59. He said he’d seen her the _______ night.
A lastB beforeC previousD earlier

60. I _______ agreed to go out. I haven’t got any money!
A mustn’t haveB shouldn’t haveC couldn’t haveD wouldn’t have

61. It was good _______ about her recovery, wasn’t it?
A informationB wordsC newsD reports

62. I _______ the report by 5.00 p.m. You can have it then.
A have finishedB finishC am finishingD will have finished

63. Because of the snow the teachers _______ all the students to go home early.
A saidB madeC toldD demanded

64. Thanks for the meal! It was _______.
A delightedB deliciousC disgustingD distasteful

65. Look! Our head teacher _______ on TV right now!
A is being interviewedB is interviewedC is interviewingB is been interviewed

66. It’s _______ to drive a car over 115 km/h in the UK.
A unlegalB illegalC dislegalD legaless

67. There’s a lot of rubbish in the garden I need to get _______ of.
A lostB ridC clearedD taken

68. I’m afraid it’s time we _______.
A leaveB must leaveC are leavingD left

69. He wondered what _______.
A is the time?B the time wasC was the timeD the time is?

70. They _______ our salaries by 5%.
A roseB made upC raisedD lifted

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11+4=?